Hermit wrote:Yes, Russia basically destroyed Napoleon's army, and the battle of Borodino, in so far as Napoleon thought of it as a victory, (which technically it was, what with the Russians having lost a lot more men than the French and forced to withdraw to the east of Moscow out of sheer exhaustion) was at best a Pyrrhic one. What beat him more than the Russian army, though, was what beat another vainglorious conqueror 120 years later: Logistics and the cold. By the time Napoleon arrived at Borodino, well over half his force had already perished, and over his entire Russian campaign way more of his soldiers died from freezing to death or starvation than in battle. The Russians basically burnt Moscow down when they evacuated. This left Napoleon nothing to feed his army with. Convinced that he had won the war, he sat there for six weeks, waiting for the Tsar to surrender. It never happened, of course. The Russians were biding their time, waiting for the French aggressor to finally come to the realisation that his army was melting away in front of his eyes because of the lack of food and heating.
As for Waterloo, you are right: Napoleon did not have 442,000 soldiers. He had 73,000. But then the coalition did not have 442,000 men either. It had even fewer than Napoleon - 68,000 - and not many more than half the number of cannon the French brought to the field. Nevertheless, Wellington managed to keep the situation finely balanced until the 72 year old arrived late in the afternoon with 50,000 troops (after an overnight forced march made additionally torturous by a recent downpour that turned the roads into morass) enabling the allies to roll over the enemy from one flank to the other.
To say "Russia kicked Napoleon's butt" is kind of true, but it is also so oversimplified that it makes that statement grossly inaccurate to the point of being bullshit. It is no better than claiming that (pick one of the following options) the Russian winter, Wellington, Blücher, Napoleon's hubris, massive ignorance of logistic requirements... kicked Napoleon's butt.
I didn't say the Russian Army or the Cossacks beat the Grande Armée, I said Russia did. Napoleon's letting the Russians escape at Borodino and Russia's scorched earth and -40 winter was what ultimately cost him everything. Not Wellington, or his brother in law Pakenham, who was soundly defeated by Andrew Jackson at Chalmette because he woefully underestimated the resolve and fighting qualities of the Americans.