A Case Testing the Limits of Freedom of Speech

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A Case Testing the Limits of Freedom of Speech

Post by Forty Two » Tue Apr 03, 2018 7:30 pm

MISSOULA, Mont. (AP) — Attorneys for a neo-Nazi website publisher and a Montana woman will ask a judge Tuesday to decide whether the white nationalist had a First Amendment right to unleash a "troll storm" of anti-Semitic messages and threats against the woman's family.

U.S. Magistrate Judge Jeremiah Lynch was scheduled to hear arguments in Missoula on whether to dismiss a lawsuit by Tanya Gersh, a real-estate agent from the mountain resort community of Whitefish, against The Daily Stormer publisher Andrew Anglin.

The judge had previously ruled against Anglin's argument to dismiss Gersh's claims of emotional distress, intimidation and invasion of privacy because Anglin is "not a citizen of any state" and has been living abroad for years.

But the judge wanted to hear from attorneys on both sides in the courtroom before he ruled on another key argument in Anglin's motion to dismiss — that the neo-Nazi publisher was engaged in political speech protected under the First Amendment.

Gersh sued Anglin last year after he published a post in 2016 calling for an "old fashioned troll storm" and posted the personal information of Gersh and others whom Anglin accused of "extorting" the mother of white nationalist Richard Spencer.

Gersh said she agreed to help Spencer's mother sell property she owns in Whitefish. Sherry Spencer accused Gersh of threatening and harassing her into agreeing to sell the property.

Gersh said in her lawsuit that her family received hundreds of harassing messages from Anglin's followers, including one that was just a recording of gun shots. Another message for her 12-year-old son told him to look inside an oven for a free video game console, a reference to a method that Nazis used to kill Jews during the Holocaust.

Anglin argues through his attorney that he was only inviting his readers to protest Gersh's actions. He also argues that he is not liable for his followers' actions and that the personal information he published was publicly available.

The messages Gersh received were "mean-spirited, nasty, brutish and uncalled for," but also political hyperbole and not a true threat, Anglin attorneys Marc Randazza and Jay Wolman wrote in a court document that lays out their argument.

"If we are to reject speech because it comes from an unorthodox group, we do violence to the very underpinnings of our notions of liberty," Randazza and Wolman wrote.

Gersh, who is being represented by the Southern Poverty Law Center, said in response that the First Amendment's free-speech protections do not include a coordinated attack through private communications meant to cause substantial emotional harm.

Anglin wasn't speaking on any broad public issues, Gersh attorneys David Dinielli and John Morrison wrote. Rather, he directed his followers to terrorize Gersh personally through private means of communication.

"Severe emotional distress was not only the foreseeable consequence of (Anglin's) troll storm but its very end, and (Anglin) cannot wash his hands of it," the attorneys wrote
https://www.yahoo.com/news/judge-decide ... 32396.html

Here is the actual civil complaint filed by the SPLC -- https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default ... tamped.pdf

Wow, that's some harsh shit there in that Complaint. Nasty stuff.

So, the civil counts are "Invasion of Privacy" and "Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress," and also the "Montana Anti-Intimidation Act."

So, this is on a motion to dismiss the Complaint, and the defendant would have to show that taking everything in that Complaint as true, there is no claim because the First Amendment would protect the Defendant's speech in this case.

Well, I'm going to go out on a limb here and say that the court will not dismiss the case. The SPLC did a good job on this Complaint and there would appear to be enough allegations in there that if taken as true would support a claim that the defendant intentionally/recklesslay, in an extreme and outrageous way, engaged in conduct which caused extreme emotional distress. While there is lots of speech here, not all of the conduct is pure speech or expression.

The invasion of privacy case is interesting, as that requires an intentional intrusion the seclusion of the defendant. That's tough claim, but I think at the pleading stage, taking everything the plaintiff says as true, the court can't dismiss it. I doubt the case goes away.

The Devil will ultimately be in the details here -- what will be proved that the named defendant actually did, and what of the third-parties' actions will be attributable to the named defendant.
“When I was in college, I took a terrorism class. ... The thing that was interesting in the class was every time the professor said ‘Al Qaeda’ his shoulders went up, But you know, it is that you don’t say ‘America’ with an intensity, you don’t say ‘England’ with the intensity. You don’t say ‘the army’ with the intensity,” she continued. “... But you say these names [Al Qaeda] because you want that word to carry weight. You want it to be something.” - Ilhan Omar

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Re: A Case Testing the Limits of Freedom of Speech

Post by Brian Peacock » Tue Apr 03, 2018 9:50 pm

The right of Freedom of Speech generally secures protection from the punitive action of a government of whom people are critical. It should not be confused with a licence to place upon the ears of others whatever notion floats across one's forebrain - even if one makes a normative claim for the virtue of that thought. There is a good public order argument to limit hate speech focused on discrete groups, while there is also a good argument for allowing the public expression of marginal, and indeed wholly reprehensible, political opinions. Personally, I'm happy for nazis to hold nazis views, but less comfortable with the public advocacy of nazi-type solutions to nazi's perceived 'issues' with both those upon whom they focus their bigotry along with those who merely disagree with them. I would also take issue with those who would claim a free-speech defence of expressions which advocate the limiting of the freedoms of others, let alone the advocacy of harm. IMO, courts must take great care not to define by precedent the bounds of any kind of 'legalised hate' deemed tolerable on free speech grounds or any other grounds.
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Re: A Case Testing the Limits of Freedom of Speech

Post by pErvinalia » Wed Apr 04, 2018 2:36 am

Brian Peacock wrote:forebrain
That's a big assumption in this case... :read:
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Re: A Case Testing the Limits of Freedom of Speech

Post by Scot Dutchy » Wed Apr 04, 2018 9:28 am

And freedom of speech is an illusion but Americans dont realise that.
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Re: A Case Testing the Limits of Freedom of Speech

Post by pErvinalia » Wed Apr 04, 2018 9:32 am

I think more free speech than less free speech is in general an admirable goal for a society. But like all ideological prescriptions, there's got to be a point where you decide that pragmatics trump ideology. I'm not sure the US has the line in the right place. I think hate speech laws are fine as we have them in Australia (and I assume similarly in Europe).
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Re: A Case Testing the Limits of Freedom of Speech

Post by Scot Dutchy » Wed Apr 04, 2018 9:50 am

Yep. Mr Wilders knows all about them here.
"Wat is het een gezellig boel hier".

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Re: A Case Testing the Limits of Freedom of Speech

Post by Forty Two » Wed Apr 04, 2018 12:42 pm

Note, the case is not about the limits of hate speech in general as to "marginalized groups." The case in question relates to conduct and speech directed at and toward a specific individual, which is alleged to have resulted in actual injury to that individual. So, it's not really a function of making "hate speech" illegal of the kind that countries like the Netherlands have tried to make illegal in general, irrespective of resulting harm.

One claim here relates directly to intentional infliction of severe emotional distress. So, the threshold of liability is whether the defendant acted intentionally (or recklessly) acted to inflict upon the defendant severe emotional distress by means of extreme and outrageous behavior that is intolerable in a civil society. The American Law Institute, in it's Restatement of Torts has summarized the prevailing view on what amounts to extreme and outrageous conduct as “only where the conduct has been so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, so as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community.”

On the opposite side is stuff that doesn't rise to that level. Like, stuff that is an affront,
that displays bad manners, petty oppressions or other trivialities or that is merely insensitive, rude, insulting, indignant or annoying, is insufficient to constitute the tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress. For example, according to one federal district court, a male worker being given a brief massage by a female co-worker, having his hand measured, having female co-workers stand close to him, as well as making a number of sexual comments to him, although termed “clearly . . . inappropriate” conduct by the court, was deemed to be merely “‘insults, indignities, and annoyances,’” that did not rise to the level of extreme and outrageous conduct as a matter of law. As to “trivialities and bad manners,” Prosser and Keeton (who wrote the main law school text on torts) state that “t would be absurd for the law to seek to secure universal peace of mind, and many interferences with it must of necessity be left to other agencies of social control.”51 Similarly, conduct which is regarded merely as “intemperate,” “rough,” “insensitive,” or “rude” will not meet the legal “outrage” standard.

If the case was about the Daily Stormer publishing anti-Jewish screeds, then it would definitely be dismissed. However, this case is about a specific person being targeted here.

One of the defendant's better defenses is actually not speech related at all, but that the conduct being complained of was not undertaken or perpetrated by the named defendant. There is an attempt here to make the defendant vicariously liable for the conduct of unnamed persons. So, that requires some further allegation of control over those other persons, or agency, or conspiracy/concert of action. The SPLC opted not to bring separate counts for conspiracy/concert of action, or to allege any agency relationship or vicarious liability counts. So, the defendant should be going after this in one respect on the "I'm not the correct defendant" defense. That may get rid of good chunk of this case.
“When I was in college, I took a terrorism class. ... The thing that was interesting in the class was every time the professor said ‘Al Qaeda’ his shoulders went up, But you know, it is that you don’t say ‘America’ with an intensity, you don’t say ‘England’ with the intensity. You don’t say ‘the army’ with the intensity,” she continued. “... But you say these names [Al Qaeda] because you want that word to carry weight. You want it to be something.” - Ilhan Omar

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