A short history of....pick any country
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A short history of....pick any country
(please don't list a Wikipedia page, try to find some humor)
Ran into this during a search:
history of finland
Finland (formerly the Soviet Socialist Republic of Finland), is a country in Northern Europe with about 1 million inhabitants, most of them ethnic Swedes and Russians, with a significant minority of Siberian Lapps.
Because of its hostile nature, Finland was for centuries populated only along its coasts; indeed, the Roman historian Tacitus refers to “Baltic scum-folk”, a statement that is not as derogatory as it sounds like, as he's referring to people clinging to the edges of the land and the sea like froth on the surface of water, and not to their moral nature.
Finland's insides were settled from the west, by proto-Swedes driven out from Dalarna (Talarland) by the Edict of Helvete (800 AD). At about the same time, Siberian sea traders approached from the north along the Petsamo-Ivalo trading routes and over the moors of the Kola peninsula from newly-founded Murmansk (the moor city), erecting a trading post at Oulu (815) and fighting a pitched battle with the proto-Swedes at Åbo (modern Kuopio) around 830. To this conflict over space and trade was added a religious dimension, since the proto-Swedes were pagan Vikings (indeed, that had been the cause of their departure from Dalarna), while the Siberians worshipped the fire god Sytkäri.
The Siberian prince Tulenkantaja I (r. 866–880) is often considered the first King of Finland; but his dominion quickly fell to internal conflict (The Bear Rebellion, 877–880), and the reunified Swedes conquered all of settled Finland, finishing with the Burning of Oulu in 901. Thereafter the Siberian culture fell into an eclipse; it is unrelated to the Lapponian Sami or Samiyedi culture, which is a more recent export from the Swedish Lappoland, and a late survival of the inland Vikings. (If in Oulu, one should seek out the centrally-placed statue of Tulenkantaja sitting on the skulls of his enemies; it is one of the great Finnish works of sculpture.)
What would later be Finland was thereafter a part of the “wild province” of Sweden, all the lands north of Gothenburg and east of Kristiania, the place to send its criminals and malcontents; this is still reflected in the Finnish national character. From the other side, proto-Russian mercenaries were often hired to keep order in the unruly province; a Rurikid soldier named Vladimir Ryssä briefly became a King of Finland (1101—1103) before being defeated in pitched sea battle on the Finnish Banks by the pious Magnus Barefoot of Sweden.
In 1112, the Black Death swept over northern Europe, hitting Sweden particularly hard. While the western parts were devastated, the east was nearly swept clean of all human life. The city of Linkäping was abandoned, and has not be re-inhabited to this day. It took the areas of modern-day Finland centuries to recover. As they did, and as Sweden remained a devastated area and almost a vassal of the powerful Danish state, the influence of Baltic traders grew in the Finnish region, leading to the establishment of independent city-states along the coast, such as Pori (Wienergrød), founded by Danish merchants, and Vantaa (Wantcz), founded by an exiled Polish prince of the House of Przepraszam. This quickly led to the Danish-Pieczywo War, and the end of the Baltic pre-eminence of Denmark. The pagan Danes were converted to Christianity, and Wienergrød was renamed Pieczywo.
During the late Middle Ages, in the age of Sweden's continued weakness, Finland thus became a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that stretched from the Baltic to the Black Sea; formally it was the Duchy of Niestety-Przepraszam, with its capital in Reval. It was a bulwark to Swedish-Russian aggression for a century, only to be conquered by the Swedish Empire in 1611 (with the capital moved to Turku) in the Great Baltic War. (Soon after, the Great Baltic War became the Fifth Swedo-Russian War.)
In 1760, following the Wars of Swedish Succession, Finland gained independence as the Kingdom of East Sweden under the Wasa prince Tapio Ödeskog, the “Good King”. Tapio I is credited with many inventions and innovations, such as the first Finnish Constitution, replacing the Medieval so-called “Bear Law” (Lex Ursinus) and ending ceremonial man-animal marriages, and the outlawing of bearfights, owlfights and spare dogging. The era of independence ended in 1809, after Tapio's Francophile grandson Mauno II Koivisto lost the Battle of Suomussalmi to the Russian General Olvi Sandels. Subsequently Finland became a part of the Russian Empire with Sandels as its viceroy, and the capital was moved to Weabourg near St. Petersburg.
During World War I, Finland suffered greatly in the German invasion of the Baltic countries, leading to the destruction of all three then or former capitals, including the Dynamiting of the Helsinki University, the Viipurin pamaus. After the war Finland was supervised by the League of Nations as the Protectorate of Âland. This time is known as Talvisota or “The Count's Time” in Finland; the “Count” refers to Baron Frederick Charles of Hesse, a Swedish nobleman who served as the League Ambassador and Governor-General of Finland from 1918 to 1933. After his death in a plane crash, his successors were less successful, and the later interwar years were plagued by separatists and anarchists such as the machine-gun wielding Lahti bandits and the Svinhufvud (literally “Pig-headed”) clan of highwaymen. The League proved unable to solved these problems.
Finland again became a German-Soviet battleground in 1940, with the Germans seeking to make the area a part of their north-eastern living space or “mountain home” (Mannerheim), and lay foundations for Operation Barbarossa, their eventual invasion of the Soviet Union. Finland was an important source of nickel, iron and Outokumpu shale, used in oil manufacture, though the Nazis considered Finns racially inferior Slavs. (However, many Finns have Swedish ancestry.) Finnish cities suffered greatly in the Allied firebombing of 1942–1945, also called Isoviha or the Great Smiting.
After 1945, Finland became a Stalinist dictatorship under the brutal autocratic rule of General Tsoukkia Hei. After he was frozen to death in 1971, the inter-Communist Finnish Civil War resulted in a Soviet intervention and the violent, repressive military dictatorship of the so-called Red Colonels. (Some parts of Lapland weren't pacified until 1981.)
During the Communist years, almost half of Finland's Swedish-speaking population was exiled into the barren northern areas of Lapland, where many of these “reindeer people” perished. In other areas the Finnish language, closely related to Swedish, was abandoned as “counter-revolutionary”, and the country's official name became Venäjä, the Russian word for Finland. A wall was built on the Finnish-Swedish border, leading to the infamous Oulu Massacre of 1958, where military policemen and secret police opened fire on a peaceful demonstration demanding immigration rights. This event is known as the Black Day (Mustien päivä), and is commemorated each 6th of December.
This “Russification” led to the assassination of Soviet Colonel Nikolay Bobrikov in 1964, and the direct Soviet occupation of the unruly industrial area of the “Karelian isthmus” between Turku and Helsinki; the occupation was ended by the Helsinki Accords of 1975.
In the late Seventies, Finland was troubled by anti-Communist guerrilla activity, commonly thought to have been backed by the Western powers, and led by the infamous “Swordsman” Urho Kekkonen. Kekkonen died in a police shootout in 1982.
(Some confused foreign sources credit Kekkonen as being “the Prime Minister and President of Finland”, but this refers to the Finnish Underground State, Kekkonen's guerrilla organization. While it had an “embassy” in Stockholm (the Kungahuset), it was not a state in the usual sense.)
After the fall of Communism elsewhere in Eastern Europe, Finland grew increasingly poor and isolated, suffering a total economic collapse in the late 1990s, and acquiescing to a UN humanitarian intervention (UNIFIN) in 1999.
At the present, travel to Finland is forbidden with the exception of the EU-supervised Extraordinary Schengen Zones (EUROVIISUT) in Helsinki and Oulu. EUROVIISUT use the euro as currency, while the rest of the country uses the markka (literally “squirrel pelts”). Helsinki is Finland's de facto capital. Finnish politics are very volatile, with the country being run by the Three Chambers of the Parliament in what is almost an unofficial federal system — the Communist-era Parliament of the People in Tampere, the New Parliament in Helsinki, and the Local Area Council in Oulu. The three jointly elect a President, who commands the undivided allegiance of the army and the security forces. The President at the moment is Sauli Niinistö, a famous Kekkonen anti-Communist resistance fighter of the 1970s, known by his code name “Khao Lak”.
Finnish political parties include the “Kärpätian” or SIWA Party (BILE), the Puolue Party (HIFK), the hyper-nationalist True Finns Party (EVVK), the National Coalition (NAKU), the Reformed Communist Party (FIN-KALJA), and the Christian Democrats (SDP). Currently, the Tampere Parliament is run by a coalition of HIFK, NAKU and EVVK, while the Helsinki and Oulu parliaments are dominated by NAKU, which is also the President's affiliation.
While Helsinki is a thriving technological mecca, characterized by the opposing poles of the Catholic Cathedral of Mary the Divine (the Tuomiokirkko) and the squat Stalinist bulk of the FNKVD Headquarters, from 1999 the Houses of the Parliament (Rautatieasema), the rest of the country is still troubled by famine, dysentery and witch pogroms.
The Finnish flag has two crossed blue lines, representing the unity of the workers and the farmers, on a white background representing the purity of the Marxist-Stalinist-Heiite ideal. After 1999, the flag had the old Finnish coat of arms added to it; the coat of arms consists of a stylized polar bear, gold on red, mounting a penguin and wearing the black crown of Good King Tapio.
If you are interested in learning more about Finnish history, just ask any Finnish person; they'll be happy to expand on anything mentioned above.
http://olli.mirrorsoferis.com/tinyhomep ... e-lies.php
Ran into this during a search:
history of finland
Finland (formerly the Soviet Socialist Republic of Finland), is a country in Northern Europe with about 1 million inhabitants, most of them ethnic Swedes and Russians, with a significant minority of Siberian Lapps.
Because of its hostile nature, Finland was for centuries populated only along its coasts; indeed, the Roman historian Tacitus refers to “Baltic scum-folk”, a statement that is not as derogatory as it sounds like, as he's referring to people clinging to the edges of the land and the sea like froth on the surface of water, and not to their moral nature.
Finland's insides were settled from the west, by proto-Swedes driven out from Dalarna (Talarland) by the Edict of Helvete (800 AD). At about the same time, Siberian sea traders approached from the north along the Petsamo-Ivalo trading routes and over the moors of the Kola peninsula from newly-founded Murmansk (the moor city), erecting a trading post at Oulu (815) and fighting a pitched battle with the proto-Swedes at Åbo (modern Kuopio) around 830. To this conflict over space and trade was added a religious dimension, since the proto-Swedes were pagan Vikings (indeed, that had been the cause of their departure from Dalarna), while the Siberians worshipped the fire god Sytkäri.
The Siberian prince Tulenkantaja I (r. 866–880) is often considered the first King of Finland; but his dominion quickly fell to internal conflict (The Bear Rebellion, 877–880), and the reunified Swedes conquered all of settled Finland, finishing with the Burning of Oulu in 901. Thereafter the Siberian culture fell into an eclipse; it is unrelated to the Lapponian Sami or Samiyedi culture, which is a more recent export from the Swedish Lappoland, and a late survival of the inland Vikings. (If in Oulu, one should seek out the centrally-placed statue of Tulenkantaja sitting on the skulls of his enemies; it is one of the great Finnish works of sculpture.)
What would later be Finland was thereafter a part of the “wild province” of Sweden, all the lands north of Gothenburg and east of Kristiania, the place to send its criminals and malcontents; this is still reflected in the Finnish national character. From the other side, proto-Russian mercenaries were often hired to keep order in the unruly province; a Rurikid soldier named Vladimir Ryssä briefly became a King of Finland (1101—1103) before being defeated in pitched sea battle on the Finnish Banks by the pious Magnus Barefoot of Sweden.
In 1112, the Black Death swept over northern Europe, hitting Sweden particularly hard. While the western parts were devastated, the east was nearly swept clean of all human life. The city of Linkäping was abandoned, and has not be re-inhabited to this day. It took the areas of modern-day Finland centuries to recover. As they did, and as Sweden remained a devastated area and almost a vassal of the powerful Danish state, the influence of Baltic traders grew in the Finnish region, leading to the establishment of independent city-states along the coast, such as Pori (Wienergrød), founded by Danish merchants, and Vantaa (Wantcz), founded by an exiled Polish prince of the House of Przepraszam. This quickly led to the Danish-Pieczywo War, and the end of the Baltic pre-eminence of Denmark. The pagan Danes were converted to Christianity, and Wienergrød was renamed Pieczywo.
During the late Middle Ages, in the age of Sweden's continued weakness, Finland thus became a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that stretched from the Baltic to the Black Sea; formally it was the Duchy of Niestety-Przepraszam, with its capital in Reval. It was a bulwark to Swedish-Russian aggression for a century, only to be conquered by the Swedish Empire in 1611 (with the capital moved to Turku) in the Great Baltic War. (Soon after, the Great Baltic War became the Fifth Swedo-Russian War.)
In 1760, following the Wars of Swedish Succession, Finland gained independence as the Kingdom of East Sweden under the Wasa prince Tapio Ödeskog, the “Good King”. Tapio I is credited with many inventions and innovations, such as the first Finnish Constitution, replacing the Medieval so-called “Bear Law” (Lex Ursinus) and ending ceremonial man-animal marriages, and the outlawing of bearfights, owlfights and spare dogging. The era of independence ended in 1809, after Tapio's Francophile grandson Mauno II Koivisto lost the Battle of Suomussalmi to the Russian General Olvi Sandels. Subsequently Finland became a part of the Russian Empire with Sandels as its viceroy, and the capital was moved to Weabourg near St. Petersburg.
During World War I, Finland suffered greatly in the German invasion of the Baltic countries, leading to the destruction of all three then or former capitals, including the Dynamiting of the Helsinki University, the Viipurin pamaus. After the war Finland was supervised by the League of Nations as the Protectorate of Âland. This time is known as Talvisota or “The Count's Time” in Finland; the “Count” refers to Baron Frederick Charles of Hesse, a Swedish nobleman who served as the League Ambassador and Governor-General of Finland from 1918 to 1933. After his death in a plane crash, his successors were less successful, and the later interwar years were plagued by separatists and anarchists such as the machine-gun wielding Lahti bandits and the Svinhufvud (literally “Pig-headed”) clan of highwaymen. The League proved unable to solved these problems.
Finland again became a German-Soviet battleground in 1940, with the Germans seeking to make the area a part of their north-eastern living space or “mountain home” (Mannerheim), and lay foundations for Operation Barbarossa, their eventual invasion of the Soviet Union. Finland was an important source of nickel, iron and Outokumpu shale, used in oil manufacture, though the Nazis considered Finns racially inferior Slavs. (However, many Finns have Swedish ancestry.) Finnish cities suffered greatly in the Allied firebombing of 1942–1945, also called Isoviha or the Great Smiting.
After 1945, Finland became a Stalinist dictatorship under the brutal autocratic rule of General Tsoukkia Hei. After he was frozen to death in 1971, the inter-Communist Finnish Civil War resulted in a Soviet intervention and the violent, repressive military dictatorship of the so-called Red Colonels. (Some parts of Lapland weren't pacified until 1981.)
During the Communist years, almost half of Finland's Swedish-speaking population was exiled into the barren northern areas of Lapland, where many of these “reindeer people” perished. In other areas the Finnish language, closely related to Swedish, was abandoned as “counter-revolutionary”, and the country's official name became Venäjä, the Russian word for Finland. A wall was built on the Finnish-Swedish border, leading to the infamous Oulu Massacre of 1958, where military policemen and secret police opened fire on a peaceful demonstration demanding immigration rights. This event is known as the Black Day (Mustien päivä), and is commemorated each 6th of December.
This “Russification” led to the assassination of Soviet Colonel Nikolay Bobrikov in 1964, and the direct Soviet occupation of the unruly industrial area of the “Karelian isthmus” between Turku and Helsinki; the occupation was ended by the Helsinki Accords of 1975.
In the late Seventies, Finland was troubled by anti-Communist guerrilla activity, commonly thought to have been backed by the Western powers, and led by the infamous “Swordsman” Urho Kekkonen. Kekkonen died in a police shootout in 1982.
(Some confused foreign sources credit Kekkonen as being “the Prime Minister and President of Finland”, but this refers to the Finnish Underground State, Kekkonen's guerrilla organization. While it had an “embassy” in Stockholm (the Kungahuset), it was not a state in the usual sense.)
After the fall of Communism elsewhere in Eastern Europe, Finland grew increasingly poor and isolated, suffering a total economic collapse in the late 1990s, and acquiescing to a UN humanitarian intervention (UNIFIN) in 1999.
At the present, travel to Finland is forbidden with the exception of the EU-supervised Extraordinary Schengen Zones (EUROVIISUT) in Helsinki and Oulu. EUROVIISUT use the euro as currency, while the rest of the country uses the markka (literally “squirrel pelts”). Helsinki is Finland's de facto capital. Finnish politics are very volatile, with the country being run by the Three Chambers of the Parliament in what is almost an unofficial federal system — the Communist-era Parliament of the People in Tampere, the New Parliament in Helsinki, and the Local Area Council in Oulu. The three jointly elect a President, who commands the undivided allegiance of the army and the security forces. The President at the moment is Sauli Niinistö, a famous Kekkonen anti-Communist resistance fighter of the 1970s, known by his code name “Khao Lak”.
Finnish political parties include the “Kärpätian” or SIWA Party (BILE), the Puolue Party (HIFK), the hyper-nationalist True Finns Party (EVVK), the National Coalition (NAKU), the Reformed Communist Party (FIN-KALJA), and the Christian Democrats (SDP). Currently, the Tampere Parliament is run by a coalition of HIFK, NAKU and EVVK, while the Helsinki and Oulu parliaments are dominated by NAKU, which is also the President's affiliation.
While Helsinki is a thriving technological mecca, characterized by the opposing poles of the Catholic Cathedral of Mary the Divine (the Tuomiokirkko) and the squat Stalinist bulk of the FNKVD Headquarters, from 1999 the Houses of the Parliament (Rautatieasema), the rest of the country is still troubled by famine, dysentery and witch pogroms.
The Finnish flag has two crossed blue lines, representing the unity of the workers and the farmers, on a white background representing the purity of the Marxist-Stalinist-Heiite ideal. After 1999, the flag had the old Finnish coat of arms added to it; the coat of arms consists of a stylized polar bear, gold on red, mounting a penguin and wearing the black crown of Good King Tapio.
If you are interested in learning more about Finnish history, just ask any Finnish person; they'll be happy to expand on anything mentioned above.
http://olli.mirrorsoferis.com/tinyhomep ... e-lies.php
https://karireport.blogspot.com/
International disaster, gonna be a blaster
Gonna rearrange our lives
International disaster, send for the master
Don't wait to see the white of his eyes
International disaster, international disaster
Price of silver droppin' so do yer Christmas shopping
Before you lose the chance to score (Pembroke)
International disaster, gonna be a blaster
Gonna rearrange our lives
International disaster, send for the master
Don't wait to see the white of his eyes
International disaster, international disaster
Price of silver droppin' so do yer Christmas shopping
Before you lose the chance to score (Pembroke)
- Tero
- Just saying
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
Netherlands: 80 years' war (lacking humor, add your own)
80 Years’ War. The Birth of the Netherlands
In a contemporary exhibition created by the Flemish stage designer Roel van Berckelaer, the Rijksmuseum will show how the 80 Years’ War changed and shaped the Netherlands, and how this conflict gave the southern Netherlands, now Belgium, a distinct character. 80 Years’ War is the first major exhibition to encompass the entire conflict and place it in its international context. It raises many issues – such as religious freedom, self-determination, terror and persecution – that remain highly topical today.
National memory
All Dutch schoolchildren learn about the Eighty Years’ War, which lasted from 1568 to 1648. The conflict began with the Dutch Revolt, led by William of Orange, against Philip II of Spain. Events such as the Great Iconoclasm (beeldenstorm), the Twelve Years’ Truce, the Relief of Leiden and the Battle of Nieuwpoort are all part of the Dutch national memory. But how were these events connected? Why was this war fought? Why is this period still so important to the Netherlands? Nowadays, few people know the answers to these questions.
Core values
80
Image based on Gerard ter Borch, Man on Horseback, 1634, Courtesy: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Juliana Cheney Edwards Collection
What began as a domestic uprising against the established authorities of King and Church grew into a war between two states: the Netherlands and Spain. It was a conflict that had global repercussions. What had once been a single nation split in two, forming what we now know as the Netherlands and Belgium. Once the war was over, the two nations followed very different paths. It was thanks in part to the 80 Years’ War that the northern part, the Netherlands, became a prosperous world power. These developments and their consequences for north and south alike are central to the exhibition, which offers plenty of space for diverse perspectives. The question that echoes throughout the exhibition is this: What is the legacy of this period in today’s world? The Netherlands owes its very existence to this war, and the revolt that sparked it was driven by core values and ideas about tolerance, protest, self-determination and freedom – none of which have lost their relevance.
https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/80-years-war
80 Years’ War. The Birth of the Netherlands
In a contemporary exhibition created by the Flemish stage designer Roel van Berckelaer, the Rijksmuseum will show how the 80 Years’ War changed and shaped the Netherlands, and how this conflict gave the southern Netherlands, now Belgium, a distinct character. 80 Years’ War is the first major exhibition to encompass the entire conflict and place it in its international context. It raises many issues – such as religious freedom, self-determination, terror and persecution – that remain highly topical today.
National memory
All Dutch schoolchildren learn about the Eighty Years’ War, which lasted from 1568 to 1648. The conflict began with the Dutch Revolt, led by William of Orange, against Philip II of Spain. Events such as the Great Iconoclasm (beeldenstorm), the Twelve Years’ Truce, the Relief of Leiden and the Battle of Nieuwpoort are all part of the Dutch national memory. But how were these events connected? Why was this war fought? Why is this period still so important to the Netherlands? Nowadays, few people know the answers to these questions.
Core values
80
Image based on Gerard ter Borch, Man on Horseback, 1634, Courtesy: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Juliana Cheney Edwards Collection
What began as a domestic uprising against the established authorities of King and Church grew into a war between two states: the Netherlands and Spain. It was a conflict that had global repercussions. What had once been a single nation split in two, forming what we now know as the Netherlands and Belgium. Once the war was over, the two nations followed very different paths. It was thanks in part to the 80 Years’ War that the northern part, the Netherlands, became a prosperous world power. These developments and their consequences for north and south alike are central to the exhibition, which offers plenty of space for diverse perspectives. The question that echoes throughout the exhibition is this: What is the legacy of this period in today’s world? The Netherlands owes its very existence to this war, and the revolt that sparked it was driven by core values and ideas about tolerance, protest, self-determination and freedom – none of which have lost their relevance.
https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/80-years-war
https://karireport.blogspot.com/
International disaster, gonna be a blaster
Gonna rearrange our lives
International disaster, send for the master
Don't wait to see the white of his eyes
International disaster, international disaster
Price of silver droppin' so do yer Christmas shopping
Before you lose the chance to score (Pembroke)
International disaster, gonna be a blaster
Gonna rearrange our lives
International disaster, send for the master
Don't wait to see the white of his eyes
International disaster, international disaster
Price of silver droppin' so do yer Christmas shopping
Before you lose the chance to score (Pembroke)
- laklak
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
Eswatini.
Eish. Angazi. Hau.
Eish. Angazi. Hau.
Yeah well that's just, like, your opinion, man.
- Tero
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
I take back my rule. This is really funny! Look at all those z's and j's ans sometimes both!
Continuing on the country whose only claim to fame was to pop out of 80 years of war:
De Tachtigjarige Oorlog was een strijd in de Nederlanden die in 1568 begon en eindigde in 1648, met een tussenliggende vrede (het Twaalfjarig Bestand) van 1609 tot 1621. De oorlog woedde in een van de rijkste Europese gebieden, de Habsburgse of Spaanse Nederlanden en richtte zich tegen een wereldmacht: het Spaanse Rijk onder koning Filips II, landsheer der Nederlanden, en zijn opvolgers Filips III en Filips IV. De eerste fase van de oorlog kan gekarakteriseerd worden als een opstand, een burgeroorlog, en staat bekend als de Nederlandse Opstand hoewel deze benaming soms voor de hele oorlog wordt gegeven. Vanaf 1588, na 20 jaar, veranderde het karakter in een geregelde oorlog.
Het einde in zicht (1641-1646)
De ernstig zieke Don Ferdinand, die in november 1641 overleed, werd op interim basis vervangen door Don Francisco de Melo. De opstanden van Catalonië en Portugal kregen nu prioriteit waardoor er minder geld uit Madrid kwam voor de Spaanse Nederlanden. Frederik Hendrik nam dat jaar Gennep in. Na de inname van Gennep trok Frederik Hendrik met het leger naar Noord-Vlaanderen maar de Spaanse stellingen bleken te sterk voor een aanval op Hulst of Brugge. De Fransen waren ondertussen Artesië binnengevallen en hadden Ariën, Lens, La Bassée en Bapaume ingenomen. Melo kon voorkomen dat Rijsel en Dowaai in Franse handen kwamen en kon Ariën in december terugpakken.
Frederik Hendrik overleed in 1647 nadat zijn gezondheid al geruime tijd achteruit was gegaan. Hij werd opgevolgd door zijn zoon Willem II. Landvoogd van de Zuidelijke Nederlanden werd aartshertog Leopold van Oostenrijk.
Continuing on the country whose only claim to fame was to pop out of 80 years of war:
De Tachtigjarige Oorlog was een strijd in de Nederlanden die in 1568 begon en eindigde in 1648, met een tussenliggende vrede (het Twaalfjarig Bestand) van 1609 tot 1621. De oorlog woedde in een van de rijkste Europese gebieden, de Habsburgse of Spaanse Nederlanden en richtte zich tegen een wereldmacht: het Spaanse Rijk onder koning Filips II, landsheer der Nederlanden, en zijn opvolgers Filips III en Filips IV. De eerste fase van de oorlog kan gekarakteriseerd worden als een opstand, een burgeroorlog, en staat bekend als de Nederlandse Opstand hoewel deze benaming soms voor de hele oorlog wordt gegeven. Vanaf 1588, na 20 jaar, veranderde het karakter in een geregelde oorlog.
Het einde in zicht (1641-1646)
De ernstig zieke Don Ferdinand, die in november 1641 overleed, werd op interim basis vervangen door Don Francisco de Melo. De opstanden van Catalonië en Portugal kregen nu prioriteit waardoor er minder geld uit Madrid kwam voor de Spaanse Nederlanden. Frederik Hendrik nam dat jaar Gennep in. Na de inname van Gennep trok Frederik Hendrik met het leger naar Noord-Vlaanderen maar de Spaanse stellingen bleken te sterk voor een aanval op Hulst of Brugge. De Fransen waren ondertussen Artesië binnengevallen en hadden Ariën, Lens, La Bassée en Bapaume ingenomen. Melo kon voorkomen dat Rijsel en Dowaai in Franse handen kwamen en kon Ariën in december terugpakken.
Frederik Hendrik overleed in 1647 nadat zijn gezondheid al geruime tijd achteruit was gegaan. Hij werd opgevolgd door zijn zoon Willem II. Landvoogd van de Zuidelijke Nederlanden werd aartshertog Leopold van Oostenrijk.
https://karireport.blogspot.com/
International disaster, gonna be a blaster
Gonna rearrange our lives
International disaster, send for the master
Don't wait to see the white of his eyes
International disaster, international disaster
Price of silver droppin' so do yer Christmas shopping
Before you lose the chance to score (Pembroke)
International disaster, gonna be a blaster
Gonna rearrange our lives
International disaster, send for the master
Don't wait to see the white of his eyes
International disaster, international disaster
Price of silver droppin' so do yer Christmas shopping
Before you lose the chance to score (Pembroke)
- Hermit
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
A short history of Australia
I am, somehow, less interested in the weight and convolutions of Einstein’s brain than in the near certainty that people of equal talent have lived and died in cotton fields and sweatshops. - Stephen J. Gould
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
Look at your own language. Nothing more weird than Finnish.I take back my rule. This is really funny! Look at all those z's and j's ans sometimes both!
"Wat is het een gezellig boel hier".
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
What's wrong with having double vowels and all the possible diphthongs? We use them so much we don't need an F or a CH or a SH.Scot Dutchy wrote: ↑Sun Oct 11, 2020 7:08 amLook at your own language. Nothing more weird than Finnish.I take back my rule. This is really funny! Look at all those z's and j's ans sometimes both!
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
The history of Finland as part of Sweden started an expansion from the 1300s stump to an expanded hunk of land with only Norway blockkng up north in 1660.
The stump:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Nöteborg
The stump:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Nöteborg
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
Egypt in 12 minutes
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
The US in 3 seconds.
America was invented by Jesus.
America was invented by Jesus.
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Clinton Huxley » 21 Jun 2012 » 14:10:36 GMT
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"It isn't necessary to imagine the world ending in fire or ice.
There are two other possibilities: one is paperwork, and the other is nostalgia."
Frank Zappa
"This is how humanity ends; bickering over the irrelevant."
Clinton Huxley » 21 Jun 2012 » 14:10:36 GMT
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
The Swedish empire goes to war
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
Bohemia had a king. it does not quite satisfy the Zappa requirements for a country: a beer and an airline. But it was there,till sometime in the 1600s. it had pesky protestants.
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
I made a bit of a mess initially in a blog entry, but tried to seaprate the two books I reviewed in the final version of the blog.
https://esajii.blogspot.com/2024/01/bri ... nland.html
https://esajii.blogspot.com/2024/01/bri ... nland.html
The rather dry A Concise History of Finland (Kirby) does give a better view of the 1800s and the rise of Finnish nationalism. That book gives a lot of numbers to better place Finland among the developments of the last few centuries, as well as industry. But as pointed out, this is where the books start sounding like written by an academic for his audience. The years 1939-1956 are described in detail, including the war with Russia. Kirby writes page after page about the internal politics and various people involved in the Continuation War period. Mannerheim, Ryti and so on. How does the reader make sense of all this? Thre is a big question here, perhaps the biggest for Finland in history: why did Finland enter World War II on the nazi side?
Kirby describes prison camps for Russian soldiers and also some camps to house the russian speaking population from Karelia with the words "ethnic cleansing." The chapter on the war seems to never end, with continuous politics and contacts abroad to try to affect a softer landing in the end. In the end it was again Germany's status that ran things. In 1946 we get Paasikivi as president, a banker. Russian demands led to embarrassing blame games and Mannerheim, leader in two world wars, had to leave Finland.
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International disaster, gonna be a blaster
Gonna rearrange our lives
International disaster, send for the master
Don't wait to see the white of his eyes
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International disaster, gonna be a blaster
Gonna rearrange our lives
International disaster, send for the master
Don't wait to see the white of his eyes
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Re: A short history of....pick any country
Next, the Latvian princes.
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"It isn't necessary to imagine the world ending in fire or ice.
There are two other possibilities: one is paperwork, and the other is nostalgia."
Frank Zappa
"This is how humanity ends; bickering over the irrelevant."
Clinton Huxley » 21 Jun 2012 » 14:10:36 GMT
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Details on how to do that can be found here.
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"It isn't necessary to imagine the world ending in fire or ice.
There are two other possibilities: one is paperwork, and the other is nostalgia."
Frank Zappa
"This is how humanity ends; bickering over the irrelevant."
Clinton Huxley » 21 Jun 2012 » 14:10:36 GMT
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